William Wycherley

Definition

William Wycherley was an English playwright and poet, known primarily for his contributions to Restoration comedy in the late 17th century. His works are characterized by sharp wit, satire, and a focus on the moral complexities of love and relationships, reflecting the changing social dynamics of post-Civil War England. Wycherley's plays often critiqued societal norms and conventions, making him a key figure in the development of English theater during the Restoration period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Wycherley was born in 1640 and became prominent during the Restoration era, a time when theater experienced significant changes and revival after years of Puritan suppression.
2. His play 'The Country Wife' is often considered one of the greatest comedies of its time, notable for its clever use of misunderstanding and disguise.
3. Wycherley's writing style combined humor with social critique, often exposing the hypocrisy and moral decay of the upper classes.
4. He was part of a literary circle that included other notable playwrights like George Etherege and John Vanbrugh, contributing to a vibrant theatrical culture.
5. Despite his initial success, Wycherley's career waned after the 1670s, and he gradually withdrew from public life, eventually becoming less active in playwriting.

Review Questions

• How did William Wycherley's works reflect the cultural and social changes of Restoration England?
  • William Wycherley's plays are deeply embedded in the cultural shifts occurring during Restoration England, particularly following the end of Puritan rule. His sharp wit and satirical approach allowed him to critique societal norms surrounding love and morality, mirroring the more liberal attitudes emerging at the time. By focusing on themes like infidelity and deception in a comedic context, Wycherley's work not only entertained but also prompted audiences to reflect on their own social behaviors.
• Discuss the significance of 'The Country Wife' within Wycherley's body of work and its impact on Restoration comedy.
  • 'The Country Wife' stands out as a seminal piece in Wycherley's oeuvre and is emblematic of Restoration comedy. Its clever plot intertwines themes of mistaken identity and sexual subterfuge, highlighting both the comedic elements and serious undertones regarding gender roles. The play's influence extends beyond its immediate popularity; it set a precedent for future comedies by showcasing how humor could be used to address complex social issues while entertaining audiences.
• Evaluate William Wycherley's contributions to English theater in terms of themes and character development compared to his contemporaries.
  • William Wycherley made significant contributions to English theater by incorporating themes of morality, hypocrisy, and human relationships into his plays. His characters are often multi-dimensional, showcasing both their flaws and desires, which was somewhat distinct compared to the more straightforward representations by some of his contemporaries. By blending sharp humor with incisive commentary on societal issues, Wycherley not only entertained audiences but also encouraged deeper reflection on human nature and social dynamics, thus enriching the theatrical landscape of his time.

Related terms

Restoration Comedy: A genre of comedy that emerged in England after the restoration of the monarchy in 1660, known for its emphasis on witty dialogue, sexual innuendo, and social satire.

The Country Wife: One of Wycherley's most famous plays, which explores themes of infidelity and deception through its humorous plot and complex characters.

Molière: A French playwright whose works influenced Restoration comedy, known for his comedies that critiqued social manners and human behavior.