Controlled Flight Into Terrain

Definition

Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) occurs when an aircraft is flown unintentionally into the ground, water, or obstacles despite the pilot having control of the aircraft. This dangerous situation often arises from pilot error, loss of situational awareness, or misinterpretation of altitude and position, leading to tragic accidents. Understanding CFIT is crucial as it emphasizes the importance of maintaining awareness and proper altitude management during flight.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. CFIT incidents typically happen during the approach phase of flight, especially in poor visibility conditions where pilots may misjudge their altitude.
2. Technological advancements such as Ground Proximity Warning Systems (GPWS) have been implemented to help prevent CFIT by alerting pilots when they are too close to terrain.
3. Training in recovery techniques from stalls and understanding flight profiles can help mitigate risks associated with CFIT.
4. Poor communication and coordination among crew members can contribute to CFIT occurrences, emphasizing the need for effective teamwork in the cockpit.
5. Monitoring and adhering to proper descent rates and altitudes is vital in preventing CFIT during both visual and instrument approaches.

Review Questions

• How does situational awareness contribute to preventing controlled flight into terrain incidents?
  • Situational awareness is critical in preventing CFIT as it involves understanding the aircraft's position relative to the terrain and other obstacles. Pilots who maintain high levels of situational awareness can better anticipate changes in altitude and react accordingly. This includes being aware of the environment, weather conditions, and other air traffic that may influence their flight path.
• Discuss how stall recovery techniques can be related to avoiding controlled flight into terrain scenarios.
  • Stall recovery techniques are essential for pilots because a stall can lead to a loss of control, potentially resulting in CFIT if altitude is not maintained. Understanding how to recognize early signs of a stall allows pilots to take corrective actions before losing control. Moreover, ensuring proper airspeed management during maneuvers can help maintain lift and prevent situations where CFIT might occur due to misjudged descents.
• Evaluate the role of technology in reducing the risk of controlled flight into terrain and its effectiveness in modern aviation.
  • Technology plays a significant role in reducing CFIT risks through systems like Ground Proximity Warning Systems (GPWS) and Enhanced Ground Proximity Warning Systems (EGPWS). These systems provide real-time alerts when an aircraft approaches terrain too closely, allowing pilots to take corrective actions promptly. The effectiveness of these technologies has been evidenced by a decrease in CFIT incidents over the years, but it also highlights that reliance solely on technology is not sufficient; pilots must remain vigilant and maintain situational awareness to fully leverage these tools.

Related terms

Situational Awareness: The perception of environmental elements and events in time and space, crucial for effective decision-making in aviation.

Stall: A condition where an aircraft's wings lose lift due to exceeding the critical angle of attack, potentially leading to loss of control.

Altitude Deviation: When an aircraft's altitude varies from the assigned level or intended flight path, which can increase the risk of CFIT.