Second-wave feminism

Definition

Second-wave feminism refers to the feminist movement that emerged in the 1960s and continued into the 1980s, focusing on a broader range of issues beyond just legal equality, such as reproductive rights, sexuality, family roles, and workplace rights. This wave sought to address the systemic inequalities faced by women and challenged societal norms that restricted women's roles in both public and private spheres.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Second-wave feminism emphasized issues like workplace discrimination, sexual liberation, and family dynamics, expanding the conversation beyond voting rights.
2. This wave saw the rise of key texts such as Betty Friedan's 'The Feminine Mystique,' which critiqued the limitations of traditional gender roles.
3. Activism during this time often focused on creating support networks for women, including the establishment of women's shelters and reproductive health clinics.
4. The movement contributed significantly to changes in laws regarding reproductive rights, including access to contraception and abortion.
5. Second-wave feminism also critiqued early feminist movements for being predominantly white and middle-class, leading to a more inclusive approach in addressing diverse women's issues.

Review Questions

• How did second-wave feminism expand the focus of feminist issues compared to first-wave feminism?
  • Second-wave feminism broadened the focus beyond just legal rights that were central to first-wave feminism, which primarily targeted suffrage. It introduced discussions around reproductive rights, workplace equality, sexual freedom, and domestic roles. By addressing societal norms and systemic issues affecting women’s lives in multiple contexts—home, work, and society—second-wave feminism aimed for comprehensive changes that impacted women from various backgrounds.
• Discuss how Kimberlé Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality relates to the goals of second-wave feminism.
  • Kimberlé Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality emphasizes the interconnectedness of social identities and how they shape experiences of discrimination. This relates closely to second-wave feminism's recognition that women's experiences are not homogenous; they vary based on race, class, sexual orientation, and other factors. The second wave sought to be more inclusive by acknowledging these diverse experiences, pushing for a feminist agenda that addressed the needs of all women rather than a singular perspective.
• Evaluate the impact of second-wave feminism on reproductive rights and justice in society today.
  • Second-wave feminism had a profound impact on reproductive rights by advocating for legal access to contraception and abortion services. This activism laid the groundwork for ongoing discussions about women's autonomy over their bodies and healthcare choices. Today, these rights continue to face challenges and debates around access reflect the ongoing influence of second-wave ideals. The movement's emphasis on reproductive justice has also encouraged a broader understanding that includes economic and social factors affecting women’s ability to make choices about their reproduction.

Related terms

Intersectionality: A framework developed to understand how different aspects of a person's identity (such as race, gender, and class) intersect and contribute to unique experiences of oppression and privilege.

Reproductive Rights: The legal rights and freedoms relating to reproduction and reproductive health, including access to contraception, abortion, and maternal healthcare.

Liberal Feminism: A branch of feminism that advocates for women's equality through legal reforms and policy changes within existing structures rather than seeking to overhaul the system entirely.