A color filter array (CFA) is a grid of colored filters placed over the sensor pixels in a digital camera, allowing the sensor to capture color information from the incoming light. This arrangement typically uses a pattern like the Bayer pattern, which consists of red, green, and blue filters, to create full-color images by sampling the light intensity for each pixel. The CFA plays a crucial role in the image processing pipeline by determining how colors are interpreted and reconstructed from the raw data captured by the sensor.
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