Burgoon's Expectancy Violations Theory

Definition

Burgoon's Expectancy Violations Theory explains how individuals react to unexpected behaviors in communication, particularly in nonverbal interactions. It suggests that when someone violates our expectations regarding personal space, eye contact, or gestures, it can lead to either positive or negative perceptions of the individual based on the context and relationship between the parties involved. The theory emphasizes that our reactions to these violations can significantly influence the overall communication process.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Expectancy Violations Theory was developed by Judee Burgoon in the 1970s and has become a cornerstone in understanding nonverbal communication dynamics.
2. The theory categorizes violations as positive or negative based on factors such as context, relationship closeness, and the specific behavior exhibited.
3. When expectations are violated positively, it can enhance attraction and liking between individuals; negatively violated expectations can lead to discomfort or conflict.
4. Cultural differences play a significant role in what is considered an acceptable range of behaviors, impacting how expectancy violations are perceived.
5. The theory is often applied in various settings, including interpersonal relationships, professional environments, and cross-cultural communications.

Review Questions

• How does Burgoon's Expectancy Violations Theory apply to everyday interactions, especially concerning personal space?
  • Burgoon's Expectancy Violations Theory highlights how our expectations regarding personal space can lead to specific reactions in everyday interactions. For instance, if someone stands too close during a conversation, it may create discomfort or tension if this behavior is unexpected. Conversely, if a friend you trust invades your personal space unexpectedly, it might be perceived as a sign of affection or closeness. This illustrates how the context and relationship can alter the perception of such violations.
• Discuss the implications of Burgoon's theory for cross-cultural communication and how it can lead to misunderstandings.
  • Burgoon's Expectancy Violations Theory has significant implications for cross-cultural communication because different cultures have varying norms regarding personal space and nonverbal behaviors. For example, what is seen as an invasion of personal space in one culture may be considered acceptable or even friendly in another. Understanding these differences is crucial to avoid misinterpretations that can lead to conflict or discomfort during intercultural interactions. This highlights the need for awareness and sensitivity to cultural norms when communicating with individuals from diverse backgrounds.
• Evaluate how Burgoon's Expectancy Violations Theory can be utilized in professional settings to enhance communication effectiveness.
  • In professional settings, understanding Burgoon's Expectancy Violations Theory allows individuals to manage their nonverbal behaviors intentionally to foster effective communication. For instance, recognizing when to maintain appropriate eye contact or physical distance can help build rapport with colleagues and clients. Additionally, being aware of how different contexts may shift expectations can empower professionals to adapt their approaches in meetings or negotiations. Ultimately, by applying this theory thoughtfully, professionals can enhance relationships and reduce misunderstandings that might arise from unexpected behaviors.

Related terms

Proxemics: The study of personal space and how distance affects communication and interaction between individuals.

Nonverbal Communication:

The transmission of messages or information without the use of words, including body language, facial expressions, and gestures.

Social Penetration Theory:

A theory that describes how relationships deepen over time through increasing levels of self-disclosure and intimacy.