Moral virtue

Definition

Moral virtue refers to a positive character trait that enables individuals to act in accordance with reason and achieve a good life. It involves the development of good habits, emotions, and actions that contribute to human flourishing, aligning closely with the concepts of eudaimonia and ethical behavior.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Moral virtue is acquired through practice and habituation, meaning it's developed by repeatedly performing virtuous actions until they become second nature.
2. Aristotle believed that moral virtues lie between two extremes, known as the doctrine of the mean; for instance, courage is a mean between cowardice and recklessness.
3. Unlike Plato, who emphasized the importance of knowledge for ethical behavior, Aristotle stressed that moral virtue is more about character and habitual action rather than mere intellectual understanding.
4. Moral virtues are essential for achieving eudaimonia, as they help individuals cultivate a balanced life where reason governs desires and actions.
5. In Aristotle's view, moral virtues are social by nature; they flourish within a community where individuals can practice and reinforce these traits through relationships.

Review Questions

• How does Aristotle's understanding of moral virtue differ from Plato's view on ethics?
  • Aristotle critiques Plato's view by emphasizing that moral virtue is not solely rooted in knowledge but is developed through habituation and practice. While Plato believed that knowing the good leads to doing the good, Aristotle argued that moral virtues require active engagement in virtuous behaviors to cultivate character. This shift from an intellectual focus to one of character formation marks a significant difference in their ethical frameworks.
• Discuss how moral virtues contribute to the concept of eudaimonia in Aristotle's philosophy.
  • Moral virtues are foundational for achieving eudaimonia, which represents the ultimate goal of human life. According to Aristotle, living virtuously means acting in accordance with reason, leading to a balanced and fulfilling life. Moral virtues enable individuals to navigate complex social situations effectively, align their desires with rational thought, and ultimately realize their full potential as human beings. Thus, cultivating these virtues is essential for true happiness and flourishing.
• Evaluate the role of practical wisdom in relation to moral virtue and how it influences ethical decision-making.
  • Practical wisdom plays a crucial role in connecting moral virtue to ethical decision-making. It allows individuals to discern the right course of action within specific contexts, considering both moral virtues and situational factors. Without practical wisdom, one might struggle to apply moral virtues effectively, leading to poor choices. Therefore, developing practical wisdom alongside moral virtues is essential for navigating life's complexities and achieving eudaimonia.

Related terms

Eudaimonia: A Greek term often translated as 'flourishing' or 'well-being,' representing the highest good for humans, achieved through virtuous living and the fulfillment of one's potential.

Arete: An ancient Greek term meaning 'excellence' or 'virtue,' signifying the quality of being morally good or proficient in a specific area.

Practical wisdom: The ability to make sound judgments and decisions in everyday life, closely related to moral virtue as it guides individuals in choosing the right course of action.