Aerial survey

Definition

An aerial survey is a method of collecting data and mapping archaeological sites from an elevated perspective, typically using aircraft or drones. This technique allows archaeologists to observe and record large areas quickly, identifying features that may not be visible from the ground. By capturing images and data from above, aerial surveys enhance the understanding of site layouts, structures, and landscape contexts, making them an essential tool in archaeological survey techniques.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Aerial surveys can reveal hidden archaeological features like roads, walls, and settlement patterns that may be obscured by vegetation or soil.
2. Drones have revolutionized aerial surveys by providing high-resolution images at lower costs and allowing for detailed mapping of sites.
3. This technique is particularly useful in areas that are difficult to access on foot or where traditional survey methods may be impractical.
4. Aerial surveys often use photogrammetry to create 3D models of sites, which can aid in visualization and analysis.
5. The data collected from aerial surveys can be integrated with GIS for further analysis and management of archaeological resources.

Review Questions

• How does aerial survey improve the efficiency of archaeological site documentation compared to ground-based methods?
  • Aerial surveys enhance the efficiency of archaeological documentation by allowing researchers to cover large areas quickly and efficiently. Unlike ground-based methods that may take considerable time and effort to investigate smaller sections, aerial surveys provide a broad overview of the landscape. This helps archaeologists identify potential sites or features for further examination without exhaustive groundwork, significantly speeding up the initial assessment phase.
• Discuss the advantages and limitations of using drones in aerial surveys within archaeological research.
  • Drones offer numerous advantages for aerial surveys, such as high-resolution imagery, the ability to access hard-to-reach areas, and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional aircraft. They can capture detailed data in a shorter timeframe while also being flexible in terms of flight altitude and angles. However, limitations include potential legal restrictions on drone usage in certain areas, the need for skilled operators to handle the technology effectively, and difficulties in interpreting data if images are not processed correctly.
• Evaluate the impact of integrating aerial survey data with GIS on archaeological research methodologies.
  • Integrating aerial survey data with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has significantly transformed archaeological research methodologies by allowing for comprehensive spatial analysis and data management. This integration enables archaeologists to visualize relationships between various site features in a geographical context, enhancing interpretations of human behavior and settlement patterns over time. Furthermore, it supports long-term monitoring of archaeological sites and facilitates predictive modeling to identify areas likely to contain undiscovered artifacts or structures.

Related terms

Remote Sensing: The use of satellite or aerial imagery to collect information about the Earth's surface without making physical contact.

Geographic Information System (GIS): A system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present spatial or geographic data.

Site Formation Processes: The natural and cultural processes that affect the formation, preservation, and visibility of archaeological sites over time.