A global optimum refers to the best possible solution to a given optimization problem, considering all possible solutions within the entire search space. It is the solution that yields the highest (or lowest) value of the objective function, depending on whether the problem is a maximization or minimization task. Achieving a global optimum is crucial as it represents the most efficient and effective outcome among all candidates, contrasting with local optima, which only represent the best solutions within a limited neighborhood.
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