Space quantization

Definition

Space quantization is the phenomenon where the angular momentum of electrons in an atom can only take on certain discrete orientations relative to an external magnetic field. This results from the quantized nature of angular momentum in quantum mechanics.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Space quantization was first suggested by the Stern-Gerlach experiment, which showed discrete deflections of silver atoms passing through a non-uniform magnetic field.
2. The angular momentum vector of an electron is quantized into discrete components along a chosen axis, typically the z-axis in a magnetic field.
3. For an electron with orbital quantum number $l$, there are $(2l + 1)$ possible orientations corresponding to different values of the magnetic quantum number $m_l$ ranging from $-l$ to $+l$.
4. Space quantization explains why atomic spectral lines split into multiple components when subjected to a magnetic field, known as the Zeeman effect.
5. The Bohr model initially failed to account for space quantization; it was fully explained by applying quantum mechanics and Schrödinger's wave equation.

Review Questions

• What experimental evidence first indicated the existence of space quantization?
• How many possible orientations does an electron with orbital quantum number $l = 2$ have?
• How does space quantization relate to the Zeeman effect observed in atomic spectra?

Related terms

Angular Momentum Quantum Number: A quantum number ($l$) that determines the magnitude of an electron's orbital angular momentum.

Magnetic Quantum Number: $m_l$ is a quantum number that specifies the orientation of an electron's orbital angular momentum relative to a given axis.

Zeeman Effect: The splitting of atomic spectral lines into multiple components in the presence of a static magnetic field due to space quantization.