Fine structure

Definition

Fine structure refers to the small splittings in the energy levels of atoms due to relativistic corrections and spin-orbit coupling. These splittings result in closely spaced spectral lines.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fine structure is caused by spin-orbit coupling and relativistic effects.
2. It leads to the splitting of spectral lines, providing more detailed information about atomic energy levels.
3. The fine structure constant, $\alpha$, is approximately equal to $1/137$ and characterizes the strength of electromagnetic interactions.
4. Fine structure effects are more pronounced in heavier elements due to stronger relativistic effects.
5. The discovery of fine structure helped refine quantum mechanical models of the atom.

Review Questions

• What physical phenomena cause fine structure in atomic spectra?
• How does the fine structure constant relate to electromagnetic interactions?
• Why are fine structure effects more noticeable in heavier elements?

Related terms

Spin-Orbit Coupling: The interaction between an electron's spin and its orbital motion around the nucleus.

Relativistic Effects: Corrections to physical predictions that arise because of the principles of relativity, particularly significant at high velocities or in strong gravitational fields.

Spectral Line: A distinct line representing a specific wavelength of emitted or absorbed light, indicative of an atomic or molecular transition.