Fermion

Definition

A fermion is a particle that follows Fermi-Dirac statistics and the Pauli exclusion principle. Fermions include all quarks and leptons, such as electrons, protons, and neutrons.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fermions have half-integer spins ($\frac{1}{2}$, $\frac{3}{2}$, etc.).
2. They obey the Pauli exclusion principle, meaning no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state simultaneously.
3. Examples of fermions include electrons, neutrinos, protons, and neutrons.
4. The Standard Model categorizes fermions into two groups: quarks and leptons.
5. Fermions are responsible for the structure of atoms and matter due to their role in forming protons and neutrons.

Review Questions

• What is the spin value characteristic of fermions?
• Which principle prevents two fermions from occupying the same quantum state?
• Name at least two types of particles classified as fermions.

Related terms

Boson: A particle that follows Bose-Einstein statistics and does not obey the Pauli exclusion principle. Examples include photons and gluons.

Quark: A fundamental constituent of matter that combines to form hadrons such as protons and neutrons. Quarks come in six flavors: up, down, charm, strange, top, and bottom.

Lepton: A fundamental particle that does not undergo strong interactions. Examples include electrons, muons, tau particles, and their associated neutrinos.