Van Allen

Definition

Van Allen belts are zones of charged particles trapped by Earth's magnetic field, forming two main layers. These regions protect Earth from solar and cosmic radiation but can pose hazards to satellites and astronauts.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The inner Van Allen belt primarily consists of high-energy protons, while the outer belt is mainly composed of electrons.
2. The discovery of the Van Allen belts was one of the first major findings in space science following the launch of the first artificial satellites.
3. Jupiter, one of the giant planets, has its own set of radiation belts similar to Earth's Van Allen belts but much stronger.
4. Satellites that orbit within or through these belts require special shielding to protect them from radiation damage.
5. The Van Allen belts are influenced by solar activity, which can cause them to expand and intensify.

Review Questions

• What are the primary components of the inner and outer Van Allen belts?
• How do the Van Allen belts affect satellites orbiting Earth?
• Which giant planet has radiation belts similar to Earth's Van Allen belts?

Related terms

Magnetosphere: The region around a planet dominated by its magnetic field, protecting it from solar wind.

Solar Wind: A stream of charged particles released from the upper atmosphere of the sun.

Radiation Belt: A layer in space where charged particles are held by a planet's magnetic field.