Perturbations

Definition

Perturbations are small deviations in the motion of celestial bodies caused by the gravitational influence of other nearby objects. These deviations can affect orbits over time, leading to complex interactions in multi-body systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Perturbations can cause changes in the shape and orientation of an orbit.
2. They are significant when considering the long-term stability of planetary systems.
3. Lagrange points are positions where perturbative forces balance out, allowing objects to remain stationary relative to two larger bodies.
4. Perturbative effects were crucial in discovering Neptune due to its gravitational influence on Uranus' orbit.
5. The study of perturbations is essential for accurate spacecraft navigation and mission planning.

Review Questions

• What causes perturbations in the orbits of celestial bodies?
• How do perturbations affect the long-term stability of planetary systems?
• Why were perturbations important in the discovery of Neptune?

Related terms

Lagrange Points: Positions where a small object affected by gravity from two larger objects remains in equilibrium.

Three-Body Problem: A problem in celestial mechanics dealing with predicting motions when three bodies interact gravitationally.

Orbital Resonance: A situation where orbiting bodies exert regular, periodic gravitational influences on each other.