Hot Jupiters

Definition

Hot Jupiters are a class of exoplanets that are similar in size and composition to Jupiter but orbit very close to their host stars. They typically have very high surface temperatures because of their proximity to the star.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hot Jupiters were among the first types of exoplanets discovered due to their large size and short orbital periods making them easier to detect with Doppler spectroscopy.
2. These planets can have orbital periods as short as a few days, much shorter than Jupiter's 12-year period.
3. The intense heat from the nearby star causes the atmosphere of Hot Jupiters to expand and sometimes evaporate.
4. Hot Jupiters challenge traditional models of planet formation which suggest gas giants should form far from their stars.
5. Many Hot Jupiters exhibit strong winds and extreme weather conditions due to their high temperatures.

Review Questions

• What characteristics differentiate Hot Jupiters from Jupiter in our solar system?
• Why do Hot Jupiters have such short orbital periods compared to other gas giants?
• How do Hot Jupiters challenge traditional models of planet formation?

Related terms

Exoplanet: A planet that orbits a star outside our solar system.

Doppler Spectroscopy: A method used in astronomy to detect exoplanets by observing changes in the spectrum of light from a star.

Planet Migration: The process by which a planet moves from its original orbit, often used to explain the presence of Hot Jupiters close to their stars.