Convection currents

Definition

Convection currents are the circular patterns that occur in a fluid due to the transfer of heat. In planetary atmospheres, these currents are crucial for the distribution of heat and weather patterns.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Convection currents in giant planet atmospheres are driven by internal heat rather than solar radiation.
2. These currents contribute to the formation of large-scale weather systems, such as Jupiter’s Great Red Spot.
3. The energy generated by convection currents can lead to the creation of strong winds and storms in the atmospheres of giant planets.
4. On gas giants like Jupiter and Saturn, convection currents can transport gases from deep within the planet to its outer atmosphere.
5. Variations in temperature and density within a planet's atmosphere cause the rising and sinking motions characteristic of convection currents.

Review Questions

• What drives convection currents in the atmospheres of giant planets?
• How do convection currents affect weather patterns on gas giants?
• Describe how convection currents contribute to the atmospheric dynamics on Jupiter or Saturn.

Related terms

Thermal Gradient: The rate at which temperature changes with distance, often responsible for driving convection currents

Great Red Spot: A massive, persistent high-pressure region on Jupiter caused by vigorous atmospheric convection

Internal Heat: Heat generated within a planet from sources like radioactive decay or residual formation heat, essential for driving atmospheric convection