Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs) are economic policies and reforms that countries implement as a condition for receiving loans or financial assistance from international financial institutions, primarily the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. These programs are designed to stabilize and restructure a country's economy by promoting fiscal discipline, reducing government spending, liberalizing trade, and encouraging private sector investment. SAPs aim to restore economic growth and development but have often sparked debate regarding their social and economic impacts.
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