Sikhism

Definition

Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of South Asia in the late 15th century, founded by Guru Nanak Dev Ji. It emphasizes the belief in one God, the teachings of ten successive Gurus, and the importance of community service and equality among all people. Sikhism is distinct for its practices such as the langar (community kitchen) and its scripture, the Guru Granth Sahib, which serves as the eternal Guru for Sikhs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sikhism was founded in the late 15th century by Guru Nanak Dev Ji and has a total of ten Gurus, with Guru Gobind Singh Ji being the last human Guru.
2. Sikhs believe in a single, formless God who is both transcendent and immanent, and their teachings emphasize devotion, meditation, and ethical living.
3. The Five Ks are five articles of faith that baptized Sikhs wear: Kesh (uncut hair), Kara (steel bracelet), Kanga (comb), Kachera (cotton undergarment), and Kirpan (ceremonial sword).
4. Sikhism promotes social justice and equality, advocating against caste discrimination and gender inequality within its teachings and practices.
5. The global Sikh population is estimated to be over 30 million, with a significant presence in countries like India, Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Review Questions

• How do the core beliefs of Sikhism reflect its values of community and equality?
  • Sikhism's core beliefs emphasize the oneness of God and the equality of all humans, which are reflected in practices like langar, where meals are shared among people of diverse backgrounds. The religion teaches that no one is superior or inferior based on caste or gender, promoting an inclusive community spirit. This strong sense of community is integral to Sikh identity and practice, reinforcing social justice within both religious and secular contexts.
• Discuss how the role of the Guru Granth Sahib differs from traditional scriptures in other religions.
  • The Guru Granth Sahib serves not only as a holy scripture but also as an eternal Guru for Sikhs. Unlike traditional scriptures that may require a human interpreter or priesthood for understanding, Sikhs regard their scripture as embodying divine wisdom. This accessibility promotes personal interpretation and direct engagement with faith without intermediaries, reflecting Sikhism's commitment to individual spirituality alongside communal practice.
• Evaluate the impact of Sikhism's foundational principles on contemporary social issues such as caste discrimination and gender equality.
  • Sikhism's foundational principles directly challenge caste discrimination and promote gender equality by advocating that all humans are equal in the eyes of God. This approach not only influences Sikhs' interactions within their communities but also resonates in broader societal movements for social justice. As Sikhs continue to uphold these values globally, they actively participate in addressing modern issues related to inequality, thereby reinforcing their commitment to a just society based on their religious teachings.

Related terms

Guru Granth Sahib: The central religious scripture of Sikhism, regarded by Sikhs as the final and eternal Guru that contains the teachings of the Gurus and other saints.

Khalsa: A collective community of initiated Sikhs, established by Guru Gobind Singh Ji in 1699, characterized by a set of specific religious obligations and the wearing of the five articles of faith known as the Five Ks.

Langar: A communal meal served to all visitors at Sikh gurdwaras, regardless of their background, promoting equality and community service.