Siege of Yorktown

Definition

The Siege of Yorktown was a pivotal military engagement during the American Revolutionary War, taking place from September 28 to October 19, 1781. This confrontation marked the last major battle of the war, resulting in the surrender of British General Cornwallis and effectively leading to American independence. The siege demonstrated the successful coordination between American and French forces, showcasing their determination and strategic planning against British troops.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Siege of Yorktown involved a combined force of American troops led by General George Washington and French troops under General Rochambeau.
2. Cornwallis's decision to fortify Yorktown and his subsequent siege by American and French forces trapped him, cutting off British supply lines.
3. The siege culminated in Cornwallis's surrender on October 19, 1781, which significantly weakened British resolve in continuing the war.
4. The victory at Yorktown effectively prompted negotiations for peace, leading to the Treaty of Paris in 1783, which recognized American independence.
5. The success at Yorktown was made possible through careful planning, including the critical support from the French navy, which prevented British reinforcements from breaking the siege.

Review Questions

• How did the Siege of Yorktown reflect the collaboration between American and French forces?
  • The Siege of Yorktown highlighted the effective collaboration between American and French forces, as they worked together under unified command to besiege British troops. General Washington and General Rochambeau coordinated their strategies, combining their troops to create a formidable force against Cornwallis. The involvement of the French navy also played a crucial role in preventing any British reinforcements from reaching Cornwallis, showcasing how international support was vital for American success.
• Evaluate the impact of Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown on British military strategy in the American Revolutionary War.
  • Cornwallis's surrender at Yorktown had a profound impact on British military strategy as it marked a turning point in the war. The loss diminished British morale and raised questions within Parliament about continuing military efforts in America. Following this defeat, Britain began to consider diplomatic solutions rather than further military engagements, ultimately leading to negotiations that resulted in recognizing American independence. This shift demonstrated how one significant battle could alter national strategy and priorities.
• Assess how the outcome of the Siege of Yorktown influenced international perceptions of America as an emerging nation.
  • The outcome of the Siege of Yorktown significantly influenced international perceptions of America as an emerging nation by demonstrating its ability to unite disparate forces against a powerful empire like Great Britain. The victory not only solidified America's resolve for independence but also showcased its military capabilities and alliances, particularly with France. As news spread across Europe about this pivotal victory, many nations began to see America as a legitimate player on the world stage, fostering hopes for future diplomatic relations and trade opportunities with the new nation.

Related terms

American Revolutionary War: A conflict between the thirteen American colonies and Great Britain from 1775 to 1783, which resulted in the formation of the United States.

General Cornwallis: A British Army officer who played a prominent role in the American Revolutionary War, notably leading British forces at the Siege of Yorktown.

French Alliance: The formal agreement between France and the American colonies, established in 1778, that provided military support to the Americans during the Revolutionary War.