Treaty of Alliance

Definition

The Treaty of Alliance was a formal agreement between the American colonies and France, signed in 1778 during the Revolutionary War, which provided military support and assistance to the Americans in their fight against British rule. This treaty marked a pivotal turning point in the conflict, as it not only strengthened American military capabilities but also legitimized the colonies' struggle for independence on the international stage, drawing France into the war against Britain.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Treaty of Alliance was signed on February 6, 1778, after the American victory at Saratoga, which was pivotal in securing French support.
2. Under this treaty, France agreed to provide military support, including troops, naval power, and supplies to the American forces fighting against Great Britain.
3. The treaty ensured that neither side would seek a separate peace with Great Britain, emphasizing their mutual commitment to independence.
4. The alliance with France significantly boosted American morale and provided critical resources that helped turn the tide of the war.
5. The Treaty of Alliance laid the groundwork for future U.S.-French relations, influencing diplomatic ties even after the Revolutionary War ended.

Review Questions

• How did the Treaty of Alliance change the dynamics of the Revolutionary War?
  • The Treaty of Alliance fundamentally shifted the dynamics of the Revolutionary War by introducing a powerful ally in France. It provided the American colonies with much-needed military resources and strategic support, which had been lacking before. The commitment from France not only increased American morale but also forced Britain to engage on multiple fronts, ultimately leading to greater pressure on British forces.
• Evaluate the impact of the Battle of Saratoga on the negotiation of the Treaty of Alliance.
  • The Battle of Saratoga was crucial in persuading France to enter into an alliance with the American colonies. The victory showcased American military capability and determination, convincing French officials that supporting the revolution was a viable strategy against their traditional rival, Britain. This success directly led to diplomatic negotiations culminating in the Treaty of Alliance, marking a decisive turning point in both the war and international relations.
• Analyze how Benjamin Franklin's role as a diplomat influenced the outcome of the Treaty of Alliance.
  • Benjamin Franklin's role as a diplomat was instrumental in securing the Treaty of Alliance due to his diplomatic skills and understanding of European politics. He effectively communicated the American desire for independence and showcased the colonies' potential as allies against Britain. His charisma and experience helped foster trust between American and French leaders, making it possible for both nations to formalize an alliance that would greatly enhance American efforts in the Revolutionary War.

Related terms

French Revolution: A period of radical social and political change in France from 1789 to 1799, which was influenced by Enlightenment ideas and the earlier American Revolution.

Saratoga: A significant turning point battle in 1777 that resulted in a major victory for the American forces and convinced France to formally ally with the colonies.

Benjamin Franklin: An American diplomat and Founding Father who played a crucial role in negotiating the Treaty of Alliance with France, promoting the American cause in Europe.