Meristematic tissue

Definition

Meristematic tissue is a type of plant tissue consisting of undifferentiated cells capable of continuous division and growth. This tissue is crucial for the formation of new cells and tissues in plants, allowing them to grow and regenerate throughout their lives. It plays a significant role in the development of various plant organs, including roots, stems, and leaves.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Meristematic tissue can be classified into three main types: apical meristem, lateral meristem, and intercalary meristem, each serving different functions in plant growth.
2. Cells in meristematic tissue are typically small, have thin cell walls, large nuclei, and are capable of rapid division through mitosis.
3. This tissue is found in specific regions of plants, including the tips of roots and shoots, as well as in the vascular cambium and cork cambium.
4. Meristematic tissue is essential for plant regeneration, allowing plants to heal wounds or grow new branches after being damaged.
5. The activity of meristematic tissue is influenced by various factors such as hormones, environmental conditions, and the overall health of the plant.

Review Questions

• How do different types of meristematic tissues contribute to the growth and development of plants?
  • Different types of meristematic tissues serve unique roles in plant growth. The apical meristem is responsible for primary growth, allowing roots and shoots to elongate, while lateral meristems contribute to secondary growth, increasing the thickness of stems and roots. Intercalary meristems help with regrowth at nodes in grasses. Together, these tissues enable plants to adapt to their environments and continue growing throughout their lives.
• What are the structural characteristics of meristematic tissue that enable its function in plant growth?
  • Meristematic tissue is characterized by small cells with thin cell walls, large nuclei, and a high cytoplasmic-to-nuclear ratio. These features allow for rapid cell division and differentiation. The undifferentiated nature of these cells means they can develop into various types of specialized tissues as needed, making them essential for the ongoing growth and adaptability of plants.
• Evaluate the importance of meristematic tissue in plant regeneration processes following injury or environmental stress.
  • Meristematic tissue plays a critical role in plant regeneration after injury or environmental stress by providing a source of new cells for healing. When a plant is damaged, such as by cutting or disease, meristems can activate to produce new tissues that replace lost structures. This regenerative ability helps ensure survival and adaptability in changing environments. Understanding this process also has implications for agriculture and horticulture, where enhancing regeneration could lead to more resilient crops.

Related terms

apical meristem: A type of meristematic tissue located at the tips of roots and shoots, responsible for primary growth and elongation.

lateral meristem: Meristematic tissue that contributes to secondary growth, increasing the thickness of stems and roots.

permanent tissue: Mature plant tissue that has differentiated into specific cell types, performing distinct functions in the plant.