Major Barbara

Definition

Major Barbara is a play by George Bernard Shaw, first performed in 1905, that addresses the moral complexities of social reform and the conflict between wealth and poverty. The play centers on Barbara Undershaft, a young woman working at a Salvation Army shelter, who is faced with the challenge of reconciling her ideals with the realities of the world, particularly when her estranged father, a wealthy armaments manufacturer, enters her life. Shaw uses this narrative to critique societal values and the effectiveness of charitable efforts in solving deep-rooted social problems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Barbara Undershaft is a Major in the Salvation Army, embodying the conflict between faith and practical realities of life.
2. The character of Andrew Undershaft represents capitalist ideals and the notion that wealth can be used for good or ill.
3. The play challenges the audience's perception of morality, asking whether it is better to accept money from morally questionable sources to do good.
4. Major Barbara was part of Shaw's broader critique of Victorian society and its approach to social issues like poverty and class disparity.
5. The ending of the play leaves audiences questioning the true nature of charity and social responsibility, as Barbara faces a moral dilemma regarding her father's business.

Review Questions

• How does Major Barbara illustrate the conflict between idealism and pragmatism through its main characters?
  • Major Barbara showcases this conflict primarily through Barbara Undershaft and her father, Andrew Undershaft. Barbara represents idealism as she dedicates her life to helping the poor through the Salvation Army. In contrast, Andrew embodies pragmatism, believing that wealth—regardless of its source—can be used for social good. Their interactions highlight the tension between these two perspectives, compelling the audience to consider the complexities involved in addressing social issues.
• Discuss how Major Barbara reflects George Bernard Shaw's views on capitalism and social responsibility.
  • Shaw uses Major Barbara to critique capitalism by illustrating how wealth can complicate moral choices. Andrew Undershaft argues that financial power can enable one to make positive societal changes, challenging Barbara's views on charity. Shaw suggests that while financial contributions can aid in addressing poverty, they come with moral implications that cannot be ignored. This reflection on capitalism urges audiences to rethink their definitions of social responsibility and morality in a capitalist society.
• Evaluate the significance of Major Barbara's ending in relation to Shaw's overall message about charity and social reform.
  • The ending of Major Barbara is significant because it raises critical questions about the effectiveness of charity as a means for social reform. Barbara's decision regarding her father's wealth encapsulates Shaw's message: that well-intentioned efforts may be futile if they do not confront underlying systemic issues. By leaving audiences uncertain about her choice, Shaw prompts reflection on whether true change can come from traditional charitable approaches or if more radical solutions are needed to address societal problems.

Related terms

Social Problem Play: A type of drama that explores social issues, aiming to provoke thought and inspire change among its audience.

Shavian Wit: The characteristic use of humor and irony by George Bernard Shaw, often employed to challenge societal norms and provoke critical thinking.

Salvation Army: A Christian charitable organization founded in the 19th century, known for its work with the poor and its commitment to social reform.