Samguk sagi

Definition

The samguk sagi, or 'History of the Three Kingdoms,' is a historical text compiled in the 12th century by Kim Bu-sik. This work chronicles the history of the Three Kingdoms of Korea—Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla—along with the Unified Silla period. It serves as a vital source for understanding the political, military, and cultural developments of early Korean history.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The samguk sagi was commissioned by the Goryeo dynasty to provide a historical account that would legitimize their rule over Korea by linking themselves to the legacy of the Three Kingdoms.
2. It is divided into several sections, including a chronological account of events, biographies of important figures, and records of significant events.
3. The text emphasizes not just political history but also cultural achievements and relations with neighboring countries.
4. Although it contains some legendary elements, the samguk sagi is considered one of the most important sources for studying ancient Korean history.
5. Different versions of historical events may exist within the text, reflecting the author's perspective and potentially bias towards Silla.

Review Questions

• How does the samguk sagi serve as a crucial primary source for understanding the political dynamics among Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla during the Three Kingdoms period?
  • The samguk sagi provides detailed accounts of political alliances, conflicts, and territorial changes among Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. It records significant battles and treaties that shaped interactions between these kingdoms. By presenting biographies of key figures from each kingdom, it allows readers to understand how individual leaders influenced their states' strategies and relationships, providing valuable insight into the complex political landscape of early Korea.
• In what ways does the samguk sagi reflect the cultural achievements of Unified Silla while also illustrating its historical narrative?
  • The samguk sagi highlights various cultural achievements during Unified Silla, such as advancements in Buddhist art and architecture, reflected in its descriptions of temple constructions like Hwangnyongsa. Additionally, it includes accounts of diplomatic missions and trade relations with Japan and China that showcase Silla's international engagement. By weaving these cultural aspects into its historical narrative, the text presents a multifaceted view of Unified Silla's legacy beyond mere political events.
• Evaluate how the biases present in the samguk sagi might affect modern interpretations of Goguryeo and Baekje's roles compared to Silla in early Korean history.
  • The samguk sagi was written during a time when Silla was viewed favorably by the ruling Goryeo dynasty, which could lead to an emphasis on Silla’s achievements while downplaying or altering Goguryeo and Baekje's contributions. This bias may skew modern interpretations by presenting an incomplete picture of these kingdoms' influences on Korean identity and history. Scholars must critically analyze these biases when using the samguk sagi as a source to ensure that all three kingdoms receive balanced consideration in their historical narratives.

Related terms

Goguryeo: One of the three kingdoms in ancient Korea, known for its strong military and territorial expansion into northern Korea and parts of China.

Baekje: Another of the three kingdoms, recognized for its advanced culture and strong maritime trade with Japan.

Unified Silla: The period following the unification of the Korean Peninsula under Silla in the late 7th century, marked by significant cultural and economic development.