Doric

Definition

Doric refers to one of the classical orders of ancient Greek architecture, characterized by its sturdy and simplistic design. This order is recognized for its fluted columns, plain capitals, and a lack of elaborate decoration, emphasizing functionality and strength. The Doric order laid the foundation for later architectural styles, significantly influencing both Roman temple design and the Greek Revival movement in architecture.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Doric order originated in the 7th century BCE and is known for its association with mainland Greece, particularly in regions like Sparta.
2. Doric columns are typically shorter and sturdier compared to their Ionic and Corinthian counterparts, symbolizing strength and permanence.
3. A notable example of Doric architecture is the Parthenon in Athens, which showcases the elegance of this style while adhering to strict mathematical proportions.
4. In Roman architecture, the Doric order was adapted but retained its essential characteristics, often being used for temples dedicated to deities.
5. The Greek Revival movement in the 18th and 19th centuries embraced the Doric order as a symbol of democracy and simplicity, evident in structures like the U.S. Capitol.

Review Questions

• How does the Doric order reflect the cultural values of ancient Greece?
  • The Doric order reflects the cultural values of ancient Greece through its emphasis on simplicity, strength, and functionality. This architectural style embodies the Greek ideals of harmony and proportion, mirroring their appreciation for order in society. The sturdy design of Doric columns suggests a sense of stability and permanence that resonated with the Greeks’ aspirations for civic pride and durability in their public buildings.
• In what ways did Roman architects adapt the Doric order in their temple designs?
  • Roman architects adapted the Doric order by incorporating more decorative elements while still maintaining its fundamental characteristics. For instance, they introduced a plinth to raise the columns and sometimes added a slight base. Additionally, Romans often used the Doric style alongside other orders to create a more diverse architectural language, allowing for greater visual complexity in their temples while still honoring the original Greek design principles.
• Evaluate the impact of the Doric order on the Greek Revival architecture in America during the 18th and 19th centuries.
  • The impact of the Doric order on Greek Revival architecture in America was profound, as it symbolized democratic ideals and a return to classical virtues following independence. Architects like Thomas Jefferson incorporated Doric elements into public buildings, emphasizing simplicity and solidity to reflect a new national identity. The choice to embrace this style not only showcased an appreciation for classical antiquity but also aligned American values with those of ancient Greece, reinforcing ideals such as civic responsibility and collective governance.

Related terms

Ionic: Ionic is another classical order of ancient Greek architecture, distinguishable by its more slender columns and the scroll-like volutes on its capitals.

Corinthian: Corinthian is the most ornate of the classical orders, featuring elaborate capitals adorned with acanthus leaves and a slender, fluted shaft.

Entablature: The entablature is the horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of three main sections: architrave, frieze, and cornice.