Fair equality of opportunity

Definition

Fair equality of opportunity is the principle that all individuals should have the same chances to pursue their goals and aspirations, regardless of their background or social status. This idea emphasizes that opportunities should not be limited by factors such as race, gender, or family wealth, and instead, societal structures should be designed to level the playing field for everyone.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Rawls argues that fair equality of opportunity is essential for a just society, as it allows individuals to compete on equal terms.
2. This principle is distinct from mere formal equality, which might allow for equal access but does not address underlying social inequalities.
3. Fair equality of opportunity requires not only removing barriers but also ensuring that all individuals have access to necessary resources like education and healthcare.
4. The implementation of fair equality of opportunity can lead to societal benefits such as greater social cohesion and economic productivity.
5. Rawls' framework prioritizes this principle as a fundamental aspect of his theory, connecting it closely with his overall vision of justice.

Review Questions

• How does fair equality of opportunity relate to the broader concept of Justice as Fairness?
  • Fair equality of opportunity is a core component of Justice as Fairness, which seeks to establish a society where everyone has a chance to succeed. In this framework, it is not enough to simply provide access; society must actively work to eliminate barriers that prevent individuals from reaching their full potential. This connection emphasizes that justice involves both opportunities and the conditions necessary for people to seize those opportunities effectively.
• Discuss the implications of the Difference Principle on fair equality of opportunity within Rawls' framework.
  • The Difference Principle complements fair equality of opportunity by allowing for certain inequalities in society only if they benefit the least advantaged. This means that while some level of inequality may exist, it should serve to enhance the chances and well-being of those who are worst off. Therefore, fair equality of opportunity must ensure that even the most disadvantaged have real avenues to succeed, thus reinforcing the idea that justice involves both equal access and a concern for the outcomes.
• Evaluate how the Veil of Ignorance supports the notion of fair equality of opportunity in designing a just society.
  • The Veil of Ignorance encourages individuals to create principles for society without knowing their own position within it. This thought experiment leads to the endorsement of fair equality of opportunity because rational individuals would recognize that they could end up in any social position. As a result, they would advocate for structures that ensure equitable chances for all, thereby promoting fairness. This approach emphasizes that true justice requires consideration for all individuals and their potential paths in life.

Related terms

Justice as Fairness: A political philosophy proposed by John Rawls that suggests a fair distribution of goods and opportunities in society, ensuring justice for all individuals.

Difference Principle: A concept by Rawls stating that social and economic inequalities should only be permitted if they benefit the least advantaged members of society.

Veil of Ignorance: A thought experiment introduced by Rawls where individuals design a society without knowing their own social status, ensuring fairness in the principles they choose.