Impossibility of certain knowledge

Definition

The impossibility of certain knowledge is a philosophical concept that argues that absolute certainty in knowledge is unattainable. This idea suggests that human perception, reasoning, and sensory experiences are inherently flawed, leading to skepticism about the reliability of what we can know. This perspective challenges the validity of claims to possess unequivocal knowledge, emphasizing that beliefs must remain open to doubt and revision.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The concept is closely associated with the ideas put forth by philosophers like Arcesilaus and Carneades, who were key figures in Academic Skepticism.
2. Both Arcesilaus and Carneades argued against dogmatism, promoting a more flexible approach to knowledge that recognizes human limitations.
3. Arcesilaus introduced the idea that while we can have opinions, we cannot achieve certainty; this laid the groundwork for future skepticism.
4. Carneades further developed this notion by emphasizing the need for critical examination of beliefs and advocating for probabilistic reasoning.
5. The discussions around the impossibility of certain knowledge prompted significant developments in epistemology and influenced later philosophical thought.

Review Questions

• How did Arcesilaus contribute to the concept of the impossibility of certain knowledge within Academic Skepticism?
  • Arcesilaus played a pivotal role in shaping Academic Skepticism by arguing that certainty in knowledge is unattainable. He believed that while humans can form opinions based on sensory experiences, these opinions can never reach the level of certainty. His emphasis on suspending judgment and remaining open to doubt laid important foundations for skepticism, encouraging thinkers to question the reliability of their beliefs.
• Discuss how Carneades' views on the impossibility of certain knowledge expanded upon those of Arcesilaus.
  • Carneades expanded upon Arcesilaus' ideas by advocating for a critical examination of beliefs rather than simply accepting them as true. He introduced probabilistic reasoning, suggesting that while we may not achieve absolute certainty, we can evaluate claims based on their likelihood or plausibility. This approach encouraged individuals to assess evidence and arguments critically, fostering a more nuanced understanding of knowledge.
• Evaluate the implications of the impossibility of certain knowledge on contemporary philosophical discourse and its relevance today.
  • The impossibility of certain knowledge has profound implications for contemporary philosophical discourse, particularly in epistemology. It challenges absolute claims and encourages a more skeptical approach to understanding truth. This perspective remains relevant today as it fosters critical thinking and humility in our claims about knowledge. By acknowledging our limitations, modern thinkers are prompted to engage in ongoing inquiry rather than settling for dogmatic assertions, influencing fields such as science, ethics, and political philosophy.

Related terms

Academic Skepticism: A school of thought in ancient philosophy that asserts that certain knowledge is impossible and encourages the suspension of judgment.

Pyrrhonism: An ancient form of skepticism that advocates for a life of tranquility by refraining from making definitive claims about knowledge.

Epistemology: The branch of philosophy concerned with the nature, scope, and limits of knowledge, including how knowledge is acquired and validated.