Neumann boundary conditions are a type of boundary condition used in partial differential equations where the derivative of a function is specified at the boundary, often representing a gradient or flux. This means that instead of fixing the value of the function itself, you control how the function behaves at the edges, which is crucial for modeling heat transfer and other physical phenomena accurately. These conditions are particularly important in numerical methods for solving conduction problems, where they help define how heat flows out of or into a system.
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