National War Labor Board

Definition

The National War Labor Board (NWLB) was established in 1918 during World War I to mediate labor disputes and ensure production efficiency in support of the war effort. The board played a critical role in balancing the needs of workers and employers, promoting fair labor practices, and addressing wage disputes. By influencing labor market changes and technological advancements, the NWLB facilitated increased industrial productivity while maintaining labor peace during a time of heightened demand for wartime goods.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The NWLB was created by President Woodrow Wilson to prevent strikes and work stoppages that could disrupt wartime production.
2. It encouraged companies to adopt fair wage practices, leading to wage increases for many workers during the war.
3. The board promoted the use of arbitration to resolve labor disputes, significantly reducing the number of strikes during this period.
4. Women and minorities entered the workforce in greater numbers due to labor shortages caused by men leaving for military service, which the NWLB supported.
5. After the war ended, the influence of the NWLB waned as returning soldiers reclaimed jobs and labor tensions increased.

Review Questions

• How did the National War Labor Board influence labor relations during World War I?
  • The National War Labor Board significantly influenced labor relations by mediating disputes between workers and employers, which helped prevent strikes that could have disrupted production. By promoting fair wage practices and supporting collective bargaining efforts, the NWLB ensured a stable workforce essential for meeting wartime demands. Its efforts facilitated a cooperative relationship between labor and management, which was crucial for achieving industrial efficiency during a time of crisis.
• What were the long-term effects of the NWLB's policies on the post-war labor market?
  • The policies implemented by the National War Labor Board had lasting effects on the post-war labor market. Many workers who benefited from wage increases during the war expected similar treatment afterward, leading to increased demands for better working conditions and rights. This resulted in a wave of strikes and labor unrest in the immediate post-war years as workers sought to secure their gains. The experiences of workers during this time laid the groundwork for future labor movements and collective bargaining rights.
• Evaluate the role of technology in shaping the decisions made by the National War Labor Board and its impact on industrial productivity.
  • Technology played a crucial role in shaping the decisions made by the National War Labor Board as advancements led to increased production capabilities that were vital for wartime efforts. The NWLB encouraged industries to adopt new technologies, which improved efficiency and reduced labor costs. However, these technological changes also created tension as they sometimes displaced workers or altered job roles. The board's balancing act between embracing technological advancements while protecting worker interests was key to maintaining productivity without sacrificing fair labor practices.

Related terms

Wartime Economy: An economic system that prioritizes the production of goods and services needed for war, often leading to changes in labor practices and industrial output.

Collective Bargaining: A process in which workers, through their unions, negotiate with employers on terms of employment, including wages, hours, and working conditions.

Industrial Relations: The relationship between employers, employees, and the government in regulating workplace conditions, often influenced by labor laws and union activities.