Natural slavery

Definition

Natural slavery is a philosophical concept suggesting that certain individuals are inherently suited to be slaves due to their natural characteristics, often linked to ideas of rationality and virtue. This notion posits that some people lack the capability for rational thought or governance, making them dependent on others, particularly in the context of the polis, where citizenship and civic engagement are fundamental.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Natural slavery was notably discussed by Aristotle in his work 'Politics,' where he argued that some people are by nature slaves due to their inability to govern themselves.
2. The concept is tied to the larger themes of citizenship within the polis, as those considered natural slaves were excluded from political participation.
3. Aristotle distinguished between voluntary and involuntary slavery, where natural slavery is considered involuntary based on one's inherent qualities.
4. Critics of natural slavery argue that it legitimizes oppression and denies individual agency, which contradicts the democratic ideals of the polis.
5. Natural slavery raises ethical questions about justice and equality in the context of governance and societal organization in ancient Greece.

Review Questions

• How does the concept of natural slavery relate to the structure of the polis and its ideas of citizenship?
  • Natural slavery directly impacts the structure of the polis by defining who qualifies as a citizen. In Aristotle's view, those deemed natural slaves lacked the ability to reason and participate in civic life, thus excluding them from citizenship. This exclusion highlights the divide between those who can engage in governance and those who are seen as dependent, ultimately shaping the political landscape of the polis.
• Discuss how Aristotle's arguments for natural slavery challenge or support contemporary views on equality and human rights.
  • Aristotle's arguments for natural slavery fundamentally challenge contemporary views on equality and human rights. While he justified the existence of slavery based on perceived natural differences among individuals, modern perspectives advocate for universal rights that reject such hierarchies. This tension illustrates how historical philosophical concepts can both reflect and conflict with evolving notions of human dignity and autonomy.
• Evaluate the implications of natural slavery on political theory and practice in ancient Greek society, considering its effects on social hierarchies.
  • The implications of natural slavery on political theory and practice in ancient Greek society were profound, as it reinforced social hierarchies and justified systems of oppression. By categorizing certain individuals as naturally suited for servitude, it legitimized their exclusion from political participation and civic life. This created a societal framework where power dynamics were skewed in favor of free male citizens, ultimately impacting governance, social order, and the ethical foundations of community within the polis.

Related terms

Polis: A city-state in ancient Greece that served as a central hub of political, social, and cultural life, emphasizing community and citizenship.

Citizenship: The status of being a member of a polis with rights and responsibilities, often limited to free males who could participate in governance.

Aristotle: An ancient Greek philosopher who discussed the idea of natural slavery in his works, arguing that some people are naturally predisposed to serve others.