Septuagint

Definition

The Septuagint is an ancient Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, which became widely used in the Hellenistic world. Its name derives from the Latin word for 'seventy', reflecting the tradition that seventy or seventy-two Jewish scholars worked on the translation in the 3rd century BCE. This translation was crucial in facilitating interaction between Greek and non-Greek cultures, as it allowed non-Hebrew speakers to access Jewish texts and ideas.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Septuagint was produced in Alexandria, Egypt, during a time when Jews were living in a predominantly Greek-speaking environment.
2. It played a significant role in early Christianity, as many early Christian texts and teachings were influenced by its interpretations of Hebrew scripture.
3. The Septuagint includes books that are not found in the Hebrew Bible, such as additional writings in the Apocrypha, which later became part of some Christian canons.
4. The translation helped to bridge cultural gaps, allowing for a broader understanding of Jewish traditions among Greek-speaking populations.
5. The influence of the Septuagint can still be seen today in various Christian denominations that refer to it in theological discussions and biblical studies.

Review Questions

• How did the creation of the Septuagint facilitate cultural interaction between Jewish and Greek societies?
  • The Septuagint enabled Greek-speaking individuals to access Jewish religious texts, which significantly enhanced cultural exchange and understanding. By translating the Hebrew Bible into Greek, Jewish scholars made their scriptures accessible to a broader audience who might not know Hebrew. This not only promoted awareness of Jewish beliefs but also allowed for dialogues between these two distinct cultures, leading to mutual influences in philosophy, ethics, and religious practices.
• In what ways did the Septuagint impact early Christianity and its development?
  • The Septuagint had a profound impact on early Christianity as it provided foundational texts that shaped Christian theology. Many early Christians were familiar with the Septuagint, which means that its interpretations influenced their understanding of Old Testament prophecies regarding Jesus. Furthermore, numerous quotes and references found in the New Testament are derived from the Septuagint, highlighting its significance in forming early Christian doctrine and identity.
• Evaluate how the Septuagint reflects broader trends of Hellenization within ancient societies and its implications for modern interpretations of biblical texts.
  • The Septuagint is a prime example of Hellenization, showcasing how Greek culture permeated other societies through language and literature. It illustrates how cultural exchange can lead to adaptations of traditional texts, allowing them to resonate with new audiences. In modern scholarship, this raises important questions about interpretation and authenticity, as translations can inherently shift meaning. The continued use of the Septuagint in theological discussions also underscores its relevance in understanding biblical texts within both historical and contemporary contexts.

Related terms

Hellenization: The spread of Greek culture, language, and influence across non-Greek societies, particularly during the conquests of Alexander the Great.

Koine Greek: The common dialect of the Greek language that emerged after the conquests of Alexander the Great, which became the lingua franca of the Eastern Mediterranean.

Targum: An Aramaic translation of the Hebrew Bible that was used by Jewish communities in ancient times, providing an alternative to the Septuagint.