Cornice

Definition

A cornice is a decorative architectural element that projects from the top of a building or structure, typically serving as a finishing detail for roofs or the tops of walls. In Greek and Roman temples, the cornice plays an essential role in enhancing the visual aesthetics of the structure while also providing a functional purpose by directing water away from the walls and protecting them from weathering.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cornices are often richly decorated with motifs such as relief sculptures, floral patterns, or ornamental detailing, reflecting the artistic style of the period.
2. In Greek temples, the cornice was typically made of stone and could extend outward significantly to create a shadow effect that enhanced the building's grandeur.
3. The design of the cornice could vary greatly between different styles of architecture, such as Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian, each showcasing unique decorative elements.
4. The functionality of the cornice included preventing rainwater from running down the walls and causing damage, thereby playing an important role in preserving temple structures.
5. Cornices were not just limited to temples but were also common in other structures like public buildings and private homes, symbolizing wealth and status.

Review Questions

• How does the cornice contribute to both the aesthetic and functional aspects of Greek and Roman temples?
  • The cornice enhances the aesthetic appeal of Greek and Roman temples by providing a visually striking finishing detail that draws attention to the top of the structure. Its decorative elements reflect the artistic styles of their respective periods. Functionally, the cornice directs rainwater away from the building's walls, protecting them from water damage and weathering. This dual purpose illustrates how architectural features can serve both beauty and practicality.
• Compare and contrast the cornice designs found in different classical architectural styles such as Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian.
  • In Doric architecture, cornices are typically simpler and more austere, reflecting its no-frills design philosophy. Ionic cornices often feature scroll-like decorations that add elegance and fluidity. In contrast, Corinthian cornices are highly ornate, showcasing elaborate floral designs and intricate carvings. These variations demonstrate how each architectural style embodies distinct aesthetic principles while still serving similar structural functions.
• Evaluate the significance of cornices in relation to the overall preservation and durability of ancient Greek and Roman temples.
  • Cornices played a critical role in preserving ancient Greek and Roman temples by protecting them from weather-related damage. By directing rainwater away from walls, they reduced erosion and deterioration over time. The architectural craftsmanship involved in creating these features also showcased the advanced engineering skills of their builders. Additionally, as decorative elements, cornices contributed to the cultural identity and legacy of these structures, influencing later architectural styles through their innovative designs.

Related terms

entablature: The entablature is a horizontal structure supported by columns, which consists of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice.

pediment: A pediment is a triangular gable found above the cornice, often used as a decorative element in classical architecture.

capitals: Capitals are the uppermost part of a column, providing decorative detail and support for the structures above, including the entablature.