Wells Cathedral

Definition

Wells Cathedral is a prominent example of English Gothic architecture, located in Wells, Somerset. Built primarily between the 12th and 15th centuries, it showcases key features of the Gothic style, including pointed arches, ribbed vaults, and an intricate façade. The cathedral serves as an important representation of the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture in England, highlighting the regional variations and advancements that occurred during this period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Wells Cathedral features a stunning West Front, known for its intricate carvings and statues, which is one of the most celebrated aspects of its design.
2. The cathedral's unique feature is its central tower, which was built separately from the nave, a rare design choice that adds to its architectural significance.
3. Wells Cathedral was built using local limestone, giving it a distinct appearance that reflects the surrounding landscape of Somerset.
4. The interior of Wells Cathedral contains beautiful medieval stained glass windows that depict various biblical scenes and saints, enhancing the overall atmosphere of the space.
5. The cathedral's construction spanned several centuries, reflecting the evolving styles and techniques of Gothic architecture as well as the changing socio-political landscape of England during that time.

Review Questions

• How does Wells Cathedral exemplify the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture in England?
  • Wells Cathedral illustrates the transition from Romanesque to Gothic architecture through its use of pointed arches and ribbed vaults, which were innovations that allowed for greater height and light compared to Romanesque structures. The detailed sculpture on its façade also marks a shift towards more decorative elements typical of Gothic design. Additionally, the combination of these features within the cathedral’s layout signifies a move towards more complex architectural forms that would define later Gothic cathedrals.
• Discuss how Wells Cathedral reflects regional variations in English Gothic architecture.
  • Wells Cathedral showcases regional variations in English Gothic architecture through its unique design elements such as the ornate West Front and central tower. Unlike many cathedrals which have towers at the western end or at each transept, Wells' central tower creates a distinctive silhouette. This adaptation indicates local building traditions and available materials while still maintaining core Gothic characteristics like verticality and lightness in structure. Such variations demonstrate how different regions applied Gothic principles uniquely to fit their cultural contexts.
• Evaluate the importance of Wells Cathedral in understanding the broader development of English Gothic architecture.
  • Wells Cathedral is crucial for understanding the broader development of English Gothic architecture as it represents both an early example and a culmination of various architectural trends throughout its long construction period. By analyzing Wells’ structural innovations, like its central tower and extensive use of ornamentation, we can trace how architectural practices evolved over time. Furthermore, its significance is highlighted through its influence on later structures and the way it encapsulates regional identity within the larger narrative of Gothic architecture in England.

Related terms

Flying Buttress: An architectural feature commonly associated with Gothic cathedrals, flying buttresses are external supports that transfer the weight of the roof and walls, allowing for taller structures and larger windows.

Tracery: Decorative stonework that supports the glass in windows, tracery is a hallmark of Gothic architecture and adds intricate designs to cathedral facades and stained glass windows.

Perpendicular Style: A later phase of English Gothic architecture characterized by tall, vertical lines and large windows, often seen in the fan vaulting and elaborate decoration of late medieval churches.