Heterochromatin is a densely packed form of DNA that is largely transcriptionally inactive and plays a crucial role in maintaining genome stability and regulating gene expression. This form of chromatin is generally found in regions of the genome that are less active in terms of transcription and includes both constitutive heterochromatin, which is always compacted, and facultative heterochromatin, which can become more relaxed under certain conditions. Understanding heterochromatin helps illuminate key processes in genome organization, epigenetic regulation, and nucleic acid packaging within cells.
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