Supercritical flow occurs in open channels when the flow velocity exceeds the wave speed, resulting in a state where gravitational forces are dominated by inertial forces. This type of flow is characterized by a low water depth relative to its velocity, which leads to unique behaviors such as rapid downstream movement and a lack of stable hydraulic features. The understanding of supercritical flow is essential for analyzing channel behavior, energy considerations, and transition phenomena in open channel systems.
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