Formalism

Definition

Formalism is an approach in the arts, especially in film and literature, that emphasizes the technical aspects of a work, such as structure, style, and form, over its content or subject matter. This perspective asserts that the way a story is told is just as important, if not more so, than what the story is about, focusing on elements like visual composition, editing, and sound design to create meaning.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Formalism argues that the artistic form and techniques of a film or artwork should be studied independently of the narrative or thematic content.
2. Eisenstein's theories of montage are key examples of formalist principles, showcasing how editing can shape viewer perception and emotion through visual rhythms and contrasts.
3. Formalism often contrasts with realism, which focuses more on representing reality and exploring themes over the technical aspects of art.
4. In formalism, every element in a film—like color, sound, and framing—is seen as significant in conveying meaning and shaping audience experience.
5. Eisenstein believed that montage could create new ideas when images are juxtaposed in specific ways, reflecting the core of formalist theory in film.

Review Questions

• How does formalism influence the way we understand a film's artistic elements compared to its narrative content?
  • Formalism shifts the focus from what a film is saying to how it communicates its message through artistic techniques. It emphasizes that elements such as editing, shot composition, and sound design are crucial for creating meaning. By analyzing these components independently from the story itself, viewers can gain deeper insights into the filmmaker's intentions and the emotional responses elicited from the audience.
• Discuss how Eisenstein's theories of montage illustrate the principles of formalism in filmmaking.
  • Eisenstein's theories of montage exemplify formalism by demonstrating how editing can manipulate time and space to evoke emotional reactions. He argued that when contrasting images are placed together, they create new meanings that transcend their individual significance. This approach highlights how the structure and rhythm of editing can serve as powerful tools in storytelling, reinforcing the idea that form can influence perception just as much as content.
• Evaluate the impact of formalism on contemporary cinema and its relevance to modern filmmakers.
  • Formalism continues to significantly impact contemporary cinema by encouraging filmmakers to experiment with visual style and narrative techniques. Modern directors often draw on formalist principles to enhance storytelling through innovative editing styles or unique cinematographic choices. By prioritizing form alongside content, filmmakers can craft engaging experiences that challenge traditional narrative structures and resonate deeply with audiences, showcasing how effective use of form can lead to powerful storytelling.

Related terms

Montage: A filmmaking technique that involves piecing together separate sections of film to create a cohesive whole, often used to convey complex ideas or emotions through the juxtaposition of images.

Cinematography: The art and technique of capturing visual images on film or digital media, focusing on aspects like camera angles, lighting, and shot composition to enhance storytelling.

Narrative Structure: The framework that outlines the order and manner in which a story is presented to the audience, including elements like exposition, rising action, climax, and resolution.