Gustave Flaubert

Definition

Gustave Flaubert was a French novelist known for his pioneering role in the development of literary realism. His most famous work, 'Madame Bovary,' epitomizes the principles of realism by presenting an unvarnished depiction of everyday life and the complexities of human emotions. Flaubert's meticulous style and focus on character development illustrate the shift towards portraying reality in literature, aligning with the broader movements of realism and naturalism during the 19th century.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Flaubert spent five years writing 'Madame Bovary,' showcasing his commitment to crafting literature that reflects true life without embellishment.
2. His writing style is marked by precision and careful attention to language, which has influenced countless writers in the realism genre.
3. Flaubert's exploration of social issues, such as class struggles and women's roles in society, highlights the complexities of 19th-century France.
4. 'Madame Bovary' faced censorship and controversy upon publication due to its portrayal of infidelity and dissatisfaction with marriage.
5. Flaubert's influence extended beyond literature into other art forms, shaping how modern writers depict characters and societal norms.

Review Questions

• How did Gustave Flaubert's writing style contribute to the principles of realism?
  • Flaubert's writing style emphasized precision and attention to detail, which were central to the principles of realism. He believed that language should reflect reality accurately, leading him to craft intricate narratives filled with authentic dialogue and nuanced character development. This meticulous approach allowed readers to connect with the characters on a deeper level, making their experiences feel genuine and relatable.
• Discuss the impact of 'Madame Bovary' on the perception of women's roles in society during Flaubert's time.
  • 'Madame Bovary' significantly impacted perceptions of women's roles in 19th-century society by illustrating the constraints placed on women within marriage and social expectations. Through Emma Bovary's character, Flaubert critiques the limitations that confine women to domestic lives filled with unfulfilled desires. The novel sparked discussions about women's autonomy, leading to greater awareness of their struggles and aspirations during this period.
• Evaluate how Flaubert's works reflect the tensions between romantic ideals and harsh realities in 19th-century France.
  • Flaubert's works epitomize the tension between romantic ideals and harsh realities by depicting characters who aspire for a life filled with passion and fulfillment but are ultimately confronted with life's mundane truths. In 'Madame Bovary,' Emma's pursuit of romantic escapism leads her to despair, highlighting the disconnection between her dreams and her actual circumstances. This conflict reflects broader societal shifts in 19th-century France, where traditional romantic notions began to clash with emerging realist perspectives on human experience.

Related terms

Realism: A literary movement that emerged in the mid-19th century, characterized by a focus on everyday life, ordinary characters, and a rejection of romanticism.

Naturalism: A literary movement closely related to realism, emphasizing a more scientific and detached approach to storytelling, often exploring the influence of environment and heredity on human behavior.

Madame Bovary: Flaubert's most celebrated novel, which tells the story of Emma Bovary, a woman dissatisfied with her provincial life who seeks escape through romantic fantasies and ultimately faces tragic consequences.