Bhishma

Definition

Bhishma is a key figure in Hindu mythology, particularly known from the epic Mahabharata as a grand warrior and the half-brother of the Kuru kings. He is renowned for his unwavering vow of celibacy and his commitment to duty, which ultimately leads to complex moral dilemmas in the narrative. His character embodies themes of loyalty, sacrifice, and the burdens of duty, making him central to the plots and conflicts that arise throughout the Mahabharata.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Bhishma was originally named Devavrata and earned his name after taking a vow of celibacy to allow his father to marry Satyavati.
2. He is considered one of the greatest warriors of his time, possessing unparalleled skills in archery and combat.
3. During the Kurukshetra War, Bhishma fights for the Kauravas despite his love and respect for the Pandavas, showcasing his deep commitment to dharma.
4. Bhishma has a unique boon that allows him to choose the time of his death, which he ultimately uses during the battle when he is fatally wounded.
5. His teachings on duty and morality provide valuable lessons throughout the Mahabharata, influencing both characters and readers with profound insights.

Review Questions

• How does Bhishma's vow of celibacy shape his character and influence the events in the Mahabharata?
  • Bhishma's vow of celibacy significantly shapes his character by demonstrating his commitment to duty over personal desires. This vow not only affects his relationships with other characters but also sets a moral standard that influences many decisions throughout the Mahabharata. His selflessness and adherence to this vow lead him into complex situations where he must navigate loyalty to his family while upholding dharma, creating tension that drives much of the epic's conflict.
• In what ways does Bhishma embody the themes of loyalty and sacrifice within the context of the Mahabharata?
  • Bhishma embodies loyalty through his unwavering support for the Kauravas despite knowing their flaws and the righteousness of the Pandavas. His sacrifice is evident as he fights for a side that goes against his own values out of loyalty to his family and his sense of duty. This duality highlights the complexities of moral choices in life; Bhishma's sacrifices reveal how loyalty can sometimes conflict with personal ethics, enriching the epic’s exploration of these themes.
• Evaluate how Bhishma's character contributes to the philosophical discourse on dharma in the Mahabharata.
  • Bhishma's character significantly contributes to the philosophical discourse on dharma by embodying its complexities and contradictions. His life reflects how rigid adherence to duty can lead to tragic outcomes, prompting reflection on what constitutes righteous action. By navigating his obligations as a warrior, brother, and elder, Bhishma challenges readers to consider the nuances of dharma, raising questions about duty versus morality that resonate throughout the Mahabharata's broader narrative.

Related terms

Mahabharata: An ancient Indian epic that narrates the struggle for power between two groups of cousins, the Pandavas and the Kauravas, featuring various characters, including Bhishma.

Kuru Dynasty: The royal family in which Bhishma plays a significant role; he is part of this lineage that becomes central to the events of the Mahabharata.

Dharma: A key concept in Hindu philosophy referring to duty, righteousness, and moral law; it significantly influences Bhishma's decisions and actions throughout the epic.