Sebaceous glands

Definition

Sebaceous glands are small exocrine glands in the skin that secrete an oily substance called sebum, which helps to lubricate and protect the skin and hair. These glands are typically associated with hair follicles and play a key role in maintaining skin health and hydration by preventing excessive dryness and providing a barrier against harmful microorganisms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Sebaceous glands are found throughout the body but are most abundant on the scalp, face, and back.
2. The production of sebum is influenced by hormonal changes, especially during puberty, leading to increased activity of sebaceous glands.
3. Sebum not only moisturizes the skin but also has antibacterial properties that help protect against skin infections.
4. The overproduction of sebum can lead to oily skin and contribute to acne development, while underproduction can cause dryness and irritation.
5. Sebaceous glands can become blocked or inflamed, resulting in conditions like seborrheic dermatitis or cysts.

Review Questions

• How do sebaceous glands contribute to the overall health of the skin?
  • Sebaceous glands play a crucial role in maintaining skin health by producing sebum, which lubricates the skin and hair. This oily substance helps prevent excessive dryness and forms a protective barrier against harmful microorganisms. Additionally, sebum contains antimicrobial properties that further support skin health by inhibiting the growth of bacteria on the skin surface.
• What are the potential effects of hormonal changes on sebaceous gland activity, particularly during puberty?
  • Hormonal changes during puberty significantly increase sebaceous gland activity due to higher levels of androgens. This surge in hormone levels leads to an increase in sebum production, which can result in oily skin. The excess sebum can clog pores, contributing to conditions such as acne. Understanding this relationship helps in managing acne treatment effectively during this developmental stage.
• Evaluate the implications of imbalanced sebaceous gland function on skin conditions such as acne or seborrheic dermatitis.
  • Imbalanced sebaceous gland function can have significant implications for various skin conditions. Overactive sebaceous glands produce excess sebum, leading to clogged pores and resulting in acne. On the other hand, underactive glands may not produce enough sebum, causing dryness and irritation, which can lead to conditions like seborrheic dermatitis. Evaluating these imbalances is essential for developing targeted treatment plans for patients experiencing these common dermatological issues.

Related terms

Sebum: The oily substance produced by sebaceous glands, composed of triglycerides, wax esters, squalene, and free fatty acids.

Acne: A common skin condition that occurs when hair follicles become clogged with sebum and dead skin cells, leading to inflammation and the formation of pimples or cysts.

Pore: The opening on the surface of the skin through which sebum is secreted from sebaceous glands into the hair follicle.