Osteoarthritis

Definition

Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of cartilage and underlying bone, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility. This condition primarily affects weight-bearing joints such as the knees, hips, and spine, causing inflammation and changes in the bone structure over time. Understanding osteoarthritis is crucial as it directly impacts joint movement and overall physical function.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide, especially those over the age of 50.
2. Risk factors for developing osteoarthritis include age, obesity, previous joint injuries, and genetic predisposition.
3. Symptoms typically include joint pain that worsens with activity, stiffness after periods of inactivity, and swelling around the affected joints.
4. Unlike rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis is not an autoimmune disease; it primarily results from wear and tear on the joints over time.
5. Treatment options range from lifestyle modifications and physical therapy to medications for pain relief and surgical interventions in severe cases.

Review Questions

• How does osteoarthritis affect joint movement and overall physical function?
  • Osteoarthritis affects joint movement by causing the breakdown of cartilage, which leads to pain and stiffness during motion. As the condition progresses, the inflammation can result in decreased range of motion and discomfort, making everyday activities more challenging. This deterioration not only impacts individual joints but can also affect overall physical function, reducing quality of life and limiting mobility.
• What are the primary differences between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in terms of their causes and effects on the body?
  • Osteoarthritis is primarily caused by wear and tear on the joints due to aging or repetitive stress, while rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the joints. Osteoarthritis typically affects weight-bearing joints like knees and hips, leading to localized pain and stiffness. In contrast, rheumatoid arthritis can affect multiple joints symmetrically and may also lead to systemic symptoms such as fatigue and fever due to inflammation throughout the body.
• Evaluate the effectiveness of current treatment options for osteoarthritis in improving joint health and mobility.
  • Current treatment options for osteoarthritis can be effective in managing symptoms and improving joint health. Lifestyle changes like weight management and exercise are foundational for reducing stress on joints. Physical therapy can enhance mobility and strengthen surrounding muscles. Medications can provide pain relief; however, surgical interventions may be necessary for severe cases. Despite these approaches, outcomes can vary significantly among individuals, necessitating a personalized treatment plan that considers severity and patient preferences.

Related terms

Cartilage: A flexible connective tissue found in joints that cushions the ends of bones, allowing for smooth movement.

Synovial Fluid: A viscous fluid found in joint cavities that lubricates and nourishes cartilage, helping to reduce friction during movement.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: An autoimmune condition that causes chronic inflammation of the joints, leading to pain and potential joint deformity, distinct from osteoarthritis.