Obstruction theory is a mathematical framework used to study the existence of certain types of maps between topological spaces, particularly focusing on whether a desired map can be extended or lifted under given conditions. It provides a systematic way to identify the 'obstructions' that prevent such extensions, which are often tied to the algebraic invariants of the spaces involved. This concept becomes particularly relevant in analyzing paths and vector fields, where one needs to understand how these obstructions manifest in various topological contexts.
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