The substantia nigra is a small, darkly pigmented region located in the midbrain, primarily involved in the production of dopamine and the regulation of movement. It plays a critical role in coordinating voluntary movements and is part of the basal ganglia system, which interacts with various neurotransmitter pathways to influence behavior, motor control, and reward processing. Dysfunction in this area is linked to movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
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