Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a key inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system that plays a crucial role in regulating neuronal excitability. By binding to GABA receptors, it helps decrease the likelihood of neurons firing, promoting relaxation and reducing anxiety. This mechanism is particularly important in understanding how substances that depress the central nervous system, like alcohol and benzodiazepines, exert their calming effects.
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