The Polybius square is a classical encryption technique that uses a grid to encode letters into pairs of numbers. It is typically a 5x5 grid that includes the letters of the alphabet, usually combining 'I' and 'J' to fit the 25 available spaces. This method connects numerical pairs to letters, making it an effective way to encrypt messages, and it reflects the early forms of substitution ciphers that laid the groundwork for more complex encryption methods.
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