General Strain Theory

Definition

General Strain Theory is a sociological framework that explains how individuals may turn to criminal behavior as a response to stressors or strains in their lives. It posits that when people experience negative events, are unable to achieve valued goals, or perceive a lack of fair treatment, they may resort to delinquency as a coping mechanism. This theory is particularly relevant for understanding the relationship between life challenges and criminal behavior at various stages, such as during adolescence, early adulthood, and in response to economic pressures.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. General Strain Theory highlights three main types of strain: failure to achieve positively valued goals, the removal of positively valued stimuli, and the presentation of negative stimuli.
2. Research indicates that adolescents are particularly susceptible to strain due to developmental changes and increased social pressures, making them more likely to engage in delinquent acts.
3. During early adulthood, individuals may face economic strains such as unemployment or financial instability, leading them to commit crimes out of desperation.
4. The theory suggests that not all individuals respond to strain with criminal behavior; factors such as social support and coping skills can influence responses.
5. Economic strain is often linked to higher rates of property crimes, as individuals facing financial hardship may turn to theft or burglary as a way to cope with their situation.

Review Questions

• How does General Strain Theory explain the relationship between stressors and criminal behavior during adolescence?
  • General Strain Theory suggests that adolescents experience unique stressors related to social pressures, academic expectations, and family dynamics. When these young individuals face strains like failing grades or peer rejection, they may feel overwhelmed and resort to delinquent behavior as a way to cope. The theory emphasizes that the inability to achieve goals or manage negative experiences can lead adolescents down a path of crime as they seek relief from their emotional distress.
• Discuss the implications of General Strain Theory on understanding criminal behavior in early adulthood and how economic strain plays a role.
  • In early adulthood, individuals often face significant economic strain due to factors such as student debt, unemployment, or lack of job opportunities. General Strain Theory posits that these economic challenges can lead young adults to engage in criminal activities like theft or fraud as a means of survival. This understanding highlights the importance of addressing economic inequalities and providing support systems that can mitigate the impact of strain on this age group.
• Evaluate how General Strain Theory can be applied to develop effective prevention strategies for crime related to economic strain.
  • To develop effective crime prevention strategies based on General Strain Theory, it is essential to address the root causes of economic strain. Programs that provide job training, financial education, and mental health support can help individuals cope with stressors without resorting to crime. Additionally, creating community resources that promote social cohesion and resilience can buffer against the negative effects of strain. By understanding the link between strain and crime, policymakers can implement targeted interventions aimed at reducing criminal behavior while improving overall community well-being.

Related terms

Strain: Strain refers to the pressure individuals feel when they cannot achieve socially accepted goals or when they face adverse situations.

Delinquency: Delinquency is minor crime, particularly committed by young people, often seen as a manifestation of underlying strains.

Coping Mechanism: A coping mechanism is a strategy or behavior that an individual uses to manage stress and adversity in their life.