Population paradox

Definition

The population paradox occurs when a state with a faster-growing population loses seats to a state with a slower-growing or declining population in an apportionment scenario. This paradox highlights inconsistencies in certain apportionment methods.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The population paradox can occur in the context of congressional apportionment where the number of seats in the House of Representatives must be distributed among states based on population.
2. This paradox is particularly relevant when using methods like Hamilton's method, which can result in counterintuitive outcomes.
3. The population paradox was first identified by mathematician Edward V. Huntington.
4. One famous example occurred between Alabama and Virginia during historical apportionments, demonstrating how Alabama lost a seat despite having a higher growth rate.
5. Understanding this paradox is essential for evaluating the fairness and effectiveness of different apportionment methods.

Review Questions

• What is the population paradox and how does it occur?
• Which apportionment method is known for being susceptible to the population paradox?
• Can you give an example from history where the population paradox affected state representation?

Related terms

Hamilton's Method: An apportionment method that distributes seats based on fractional remainders.

Apportionment: The process of dividing and allocating representation or resources among different regions or groups.

Quota Rule: A principle stating that each state's allocation should be within one seat of its exact quota based on population.