Law of segregation

Definition

The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles for a gene separate, so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene. This principle explains how offspring inherit one genetic allele from each parent for every gene.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The law of segregation was first proposed by Gregor Mendel based on his work with pea plants.
2. It occurs during meiosis, specifically in anaphase I when homologous chromosomes are separated.
3. The separation of alleles ensures genetic diversity in sexually reproducing organisms.
4. The law applies to all sexually reproducing organisms and is a fundamental principle of classical genetics.
5. It can be observed through monohybrid crosses, where individuals vary in just one trait.

Review Questions

• Who first proposed the law of segregation?
• During which phase of meiosis does the segregation of alleles occur?
• How does the law of segregation contribute to genetic diversity?

Related terms

Allele: A variant form of a gene.

Meiosis: A type of cell division that reduces the number of chromosomes by half, resulting in four daughter cells.

Monohybrid Cross: A genetic cross between parents that differ in the alleles they possess for one particular gene.