Gymnosperms

Definition

Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that have unenclosed seeds, typically on cones. They are one of the major groups of vascular plants alongside angiosperms (flowering plants).

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Gymnosperms include conifers, cycads, ginkgoes, and gnetophytes.
2. They do not produce flowers or fruits; their seeds develop on the surface of scales or leaves.
3. The most well-known gymnosperms are conifers such as pines, spruces, and firs.
4. They were the dominant plant life during the Mesozoic era before angiosperms became more prevalent.
5. Gymnosperms have needle-like or scale-like leaves which help reduce water loss.

Review Questions

• What distinguishes gymnosperms from angiosperms?
• Name two examples of gymnosperm species.
• During which geological era were gymnosperms the dominant plant form?

Related terms

Conifer: A type of gymnosperm known for its cone-bearing structures and needle-like leaves.

Angiosperm: Seed-producing plants that have enclosed seeds within fruits and produce flowers.

Vascular Plant: Plants that have specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) for transporting water, nutrients, and food.