The tensor product is a construction that takes two modules (or vector spaces) and produces a new module that captures the bilinear relationships between them. It is essential in various areas of mathematics, including localization, where it allows for the extension of scalars, and in the study of flatness, where it helps in understanding the preservation of exact sequences under scalar extension. The tensor product provides a way to analyze interactions between structures by encoding their combined behavior into a new algebraic object.
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