Tempera

Definition

Tempera is a painting medium made from pigments mixed with a water-soluble binder, such as egg yolk, which creates a fast-drying and versatile paint. This medium has been used since ancient times and is known for its ability to produce vibrant colors and fine details, making it ideal for various artistic styles. Unlike oil paints, tempera dries quickly, allowing artists to work in layers and achieve intricate designs without lengthy drying times.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Tempera is known for its matte finish, which can be built up through multiple layers to create depth and texture in artwork.
2. Historically, tempera was widely used by medieval artists before the rise of oil paint in the Renaissance period.
3. The fast-drying nature of tempera allows artists to work quickly and layer colors without long waiting times, making it suitable for detailed work.
4. Tempera can be thinned with water for washes or built up to achieve more opaque effects, offering versatility in techniques.
5. Modern tempera paints often use synthetic binders instead of egg yolk, making them more convenient and accessible for artists today.

Review Questions

• How does the binding agent in tempera affect its characteristics compared to other painting mediums?
  • The binding agent in tempera, primarily egg yolk, significantly impacts its characteristics by providing a unique finish and quick drying time. Unlike oil paints that remain workable for extended periods due to their oil base, tempera dries rapidly, enabling artists to build layers efficiently. This rapid drying can create challenges and advantages; while it allows for detailed layering, it also requires artists to work quickly to achieve desired effects.
• Discuss the historical significance of tempera in art and how it paved the way for future painting techniques.
  • Tempera played a crucial role in the development of Western art from ancient times through the medieval period. It was the primary medium used by many renowned artists before the widespread adoption of oil paint during the Renaissance. The techniques established with tempera, such as layering and detailing, influenced later oil painting practices. The transition from tempera to oil allowed for greater flexibility and blending capabilities, but many foundational techniques remained rooted in the traditions of tempera painting.
• Evaluate how modern adaptations of tempera have influenced contemporary art practices and accessibility for new artists.
  • Modern adaptations of tempera, particularly those using synthetic binders instead of traditional egg yolk, have transformed the medium into a more accessible option for contemporary artists. These synthetic versions maintain the vibrant colors and quick-drying properties but eliminate some challenges associated with traditional methods. As a result, contemporary artists can experiment with tempera in various styles without the complications of preparing natural binders. This accessibility encourages new generations to explore the unique qualities of tempera while building on historical techniques.

Related terms

Egg yolk: The main binding agent used in traditional tempera paint, providing a rich, glossy finish and excellent adhesion.

Gesso: A mixture of chalk, gypsum, and glue that prepares surfaces for painting, commonly used under tempera to create a smooth foundation.

Fresco: A mural painting technique involving the application of water-based pigments on freshly laid wet plaster, which is different from tempera but shares similar characteristics of vibrancy and longevity.