Tumor suppressor genes

Definition

Tumor suppressor genes are segments of DNA that regulate cell growth by inhibiting cell division and promoting apoptosis. They play a crucial role in preventing cancer development by maintaining genomic stability.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Mutations in tumor suppressor genes can lead to uncontrolled cell growth and cancer.
2. The TP53 gene, which encodes the p53 protein, is one of the most well-known tumor suppressor genes.
3. Tumor suppressor genes can be inactivated by deletions, point mutations, or epigenetic modifications.
4. Loss of function in both alleles of a tumor suppressor gene is typically required for cancer progression.
5. Retinoblastoma protein (RB) is another key tumor suppressor involved in regulating the cell cycle.

Review Questions

• What role do tumor suppressor genes play in regulating the cell cycle?
• How can mutations in tumor suppressor genes contribute to cancer development?
• Name two well-known tumor suppressor proteins and their associated genes.

Related terms

Oncogenes: Genes that have the potential to cause cancer when mutated or overexpressed.

Apoptosis: A form of programmed cell death that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells.

Cell Cycle Checkpoints: Mechanisms that monitor and regulate the progression of the cell cycle to prevent errors.