Restriction fragment length polymorphisms

Definition

Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) are variations in DNA sequence that result in different lengths of restriction enzyme-digested DNA fragments. These differences can be used to identify genetic variations between individuals or species.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. RFLPs are identified by using restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific sequences.
2. The resulting fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis and visualized using a probe.
3. RFLP analysis was one of the first techniques used for genetic mapping and forensic analysis.
4. Differences in fragment lengths arise due to mutations such as insertions, deletions, or point mutations within the restriction sites.
5. RFLPs have been largely replaced by more advanced techniques like PCR and sequencing but remain important in historical context.

Review Questions

• How do restriction enzymes contribute to the identification of RFLPs?
• What causes the differences in fragment lengths observed in RFLP analysis?
• Why is gel electrophoresis an essential step in the process of identifying RFLPs?

Related terms

Restriction Enzymes: Proteins that cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences, creating fragments useful for genetic analysis

Gel Electrophoresis: A technique used to separate DNA fragments based on size through an agarose gel matrix under an electric field

Genetic Mapping: The process of determining the location and chemical sequence of specific genes on chromosomes